1 Samuel 10:21

Authorized King James Version

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When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found.

Original Language Analysis

וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב to come near H7126
וַיַּקְרֵ֞ב to come near
Strong's: H7126
Word #: 1 of 15
to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purpose
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 15
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
שֵׁ֤בֶט When he had caused the tribe H7626
שֵׁ֤בֶט When he had caused the tribe
Strong's: H7626
Word #: 3 of 15
a scion, i.e., (literally) a stick (for punishing, writing, fighting, ruling, walking, etc.) or (figuratively) a clan
בִּנְיָמִן֙ of Benjamin H1144
בִּנְיָמִן֙ of Benjamin
Strong's: H1144
Word #: 4 of 15
binjamin, youngest son of jacob; also the tribe descended from him, and its territory
מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת by their families H4940
מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת by their families
Strong's: H4940
Word #: 5 of 15
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
וַיִּלָּכֵד֙ was taken H3920
וַיִּלָּכֵד֙ was taken
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 6 of 15
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת by their families H4940
מִשְׁפַּ֣חַת by their families
Strong's: H4940
Word #: 7 of 15
a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
הַמַּטְרִ֑י of Matri H4309
הַמַּטְרִ֑י of Matri
Strong's: H4309
Word #: 8 of 15
matri, an israelite
וַיִּלָּכֵד֙ was taken H3920
וַיִּלָּכֵד֙ was taken
Strong's: H3920
Word #: 9 of 15
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
שָׁא֣וּל and Saul H7586
שָׁא֣וּל and Saul
Strong's: H7586
Word #: 10 of 15
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
בֶּן the son H1121
בֶּן the son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 11 of 15
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
קִ֔ישׁ of Kish H7027
קִ֔ישׁ of Kish
Strong's: H7027
Word #: 12 of 15
kish, the name of five israelites
וַיְבַקְשֻׁ֖הוּ and when they sought H1245
וַיְבַקְשֻׁ֖הוּ and when they sought
Strong's: H1245
Word #: 13 of 15
to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer); by implication, to strive after
וְלֹ֥א H3808
וְלֹ֥א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 14 of 15
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
נִמְצָֽא׃ him he could not be found H4672
נִמְצָֽא׃ him he could not be found
Strong's: H4672
Word #: 15 of 15
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present

Analysis & Commentary

When he had caused the tribe of Benjamin to come near by their families, the family of Matri was taken, and Saul the son of Kish was taken: and when they sought him, he could not be found.

The selection progressively narrows: tribe to family (mishpachah, clan) to individual. The family of Matri, otherwise unknown, suggests Saul came from no distinguished lineage despite his father Kish being a 'mighty man of power' (9:1). When the lot definitively identified 'Saul the son of Kish,' the chosen one could not be found (lo nimtsa). This disappearance creates dramatic tension: God's clearly revealed choice is absent at his moment of presentation. The passive construction 'could not be found' leaves ambiguity - was he hiding intentionally, providentially delayed, or simply elsewhere? The Hebrew phrasing emphasizes the search's failure: they 'sought' (baqash) but he 'was not found.' This absence at coronation foreshadows Saul's spiritual trajectory: present for dramatic moments but absent when faithful presence was required.

Historical Context

The progressive narrowing through lots - tribe, clan, family, individual - reflects Israel's nested social structure. This method eliminated accusations of political manipulation; God alone determined the outcome. The Urim and Thummim, priestly lot-casting implements, may have been used for this selection.

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